Telemachus and Penelope lack the strength to evict them, nor can they hope for much help from the community because the suitors represent some of the strongest families in the area. Odysseus' own home has been taken over by a horde of suitors who crudely take advantage of Ithaca's long-standing tradition of hospitality. Hospitality, or the lack of it, affects Odysseus throughout the epic, and the reader can judge civility by the degree of hospitality offered. It was through visitors that the Homeric Greeks learned about and kept abreast of what was happening in the world beyond their local areas. Furthermore, communications are very primitive in Homer's world, and strangers bring and receive news. Civilized people, therefore, make an investment in hospitality to demonstrate their quality as human beings and in hopes that their own people will be treated well when they travel. Similarly, the residents themselves - or their friends or kin - may, at some time, be wayfarers. Often, however, strangers are but wayfarers, probably in need of at least some kind of help. 45) refer to hospitality as a dominant part of 'the only code of moral conduct that obtains in the insecure world of The Odyssey.'Īrriving strangers may be dangerous or harmless, and residents are wise to be prepared for trouble. In Homer's world, however, hospitality is essential.

Thinking of hospitality as a major theme in a literary work may seem odd to modern readers. Therefore, the most complicated character, Odysseus, appropriately embodies each of the themes to one degree or another. The more complicated a character is, the more he or she engages these major themes. The reader learns about the characters through the themes. The major themes in The Odyssey are especially significant because they serve to form the moral and ethical constitution of most of the characters.

Odysseus the odyssey